LEGAL UPDATES
| 1945 – 1973 |
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History Immigration Through 1945 1945–1973 1974–1980 1980–1985 1986–1988 1989–1992 1993–1994 1996 1997–2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Social Security Social Welfare in Europe: An Historical Overview Taxation History of Taxation in France First century BC until 756 AD Church tithes Eleventh century until The French Revolution 1790–1914 Republican Tax from 1799 to 1945 from 1948 to 1976 from 1982 to 1999 from 2000 to 2006 Bibliography History of the OECD Model Tax Convention Even with the founding of the National Immigration Office, this period was marked by the frequent recourse to legalizing foreigners after their arrival in the country. 2 November 1945 – A ruling on the entry and residence of foreigners in France was voted. The National Immigration Office (Office national d’immigration—ONI) was founded, giving the central government a monopoly on the introduction of foreign manpower in France. Three residence permits were established (valid for one, three and ten years); policies favoured immigration of families for demographic reasons. A ruling adopted on 18 October 1945 lightened restrictions on access to citizenship. 1945–1955 – Foreign immigration in France was still marginal. 1956–1972 – Immigration increased with decolonization and the Treaty of Rome, which took force on 1 January 1958, founding the principle of free movement within the European Economic Community. Modernisation of production processes ended up replacing organized, qualified manpower by new workers producing more with operations broken down into individual tasks. The 1960s saw great changes in recruitment sources, diversifying immigration: there was a progressive decrease in Italian immigration, with an increase in Spanish immigration, particularly after the 1961 Franco-Spanish agreement; a dramatic rise in Portuguese immigration after the 1963 Franco-Portuguese agreement; major renewal of Moroccan immigration after the 1963 agreement; growth in Tunisian immigration; major growth in Algerian immigration after the war (1954–1962); and the beginning of immigration from sub-Saharan Africa after 1964. 1966 – The Department of Population and Migrations (Direction de la population et des migrations—DPM) was set up in a ministry that combined the former departments of labour, public health and population. 29 July 1968 – A circular was signed abolishing legalization of unqualified workers, although the procedure remained applicable for the immigration of families, Portuguese, household employees and certain qualified workers. The December 1968 Franco-Algerian agreement introduced quotas on Algerian workers in France. 23 February and 15 September 1972 – The “Marcellin” (interior minister) and “Fontenet” (labour minister) circulars are signed, making foreign labour recruitment policies dependent upon the state of employment and linking residence permits to employment: loss of employment caused loss of residence permit. From November 1972 to June 1973, immigrants in several major cities in France undertook hunger strikes to protest against these new regulations applying to foreign workers. 14 June 1973 – A new circular, signed by Minister of Labour George Gorse, made it possible to legalize illegal foreign workers who entered France before 1 June 1973; the provision was applicable through 30 September 1973. Part of public opinion and immigrant activists protested violently against these circulars, which were then repealed by the Council of State in June 1974. |
| Last Updated on Thursday, 08 October 2009 17:26 |
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